• Low Energy Forward Recoil Spectrometry, LE-FRES allows us to determine the concentration profile of light elements both Hydrogen & Deutrium in a polymer blend with a resolution as small as 80 A.
  • Rutherford Backscattering, RBS is used to determine the concentration profile of heavy elements in a sample.
  • Atomic Force Microscopy let us probe the surface topography of a sample on the nanometer scale. Through selective eching we can distinguish between the two phase in a polymer blend.
  • Neutron Reflectivity is a near surface (1000 A) depth profiling technique with outstanding spatial resolution, ca. 5 A. We perform experiments at NIST, Oakridge National Lab and Argonne National Lab.
  • Confocal Microscopy The confocal microscopy uses a laser beam instead of the white light to view our sample surface. By having a confocal pinhole, the microscope is really efficient at rejecting out of focus laser light. By averaging many (at least 32 in our case) scans through the sample surface, a very clean image is obtained.
  • Elipsometry provides a quick and easy measurement of a flim's thickness.
  • Following are some useful resources and references for Spin-Coating techniques

-         www.research.philips.com

-         www.disctronics.co.uk/manuf/replicator/lacquer.htm

-         www.mse.arizona.edu/faculty/birnie/Coatings/index.htm

-         Boltan M.; Walheim, S.; Mlynec, J,; Krausch, G.; Steiner, U.,  Surface-induced Structure Formation of Polymer Blends on Patterned Substrate,  Nature (1998), Vol. 39, pp877-879.

-         MacDiarmid, Alan G.; Zheng Weigong, Electrochemistry of Conjugated Polymers and Electrochemical Applications, MRS Bulletin (June 1997), pp24-30.

-         Epstein, Arthur J., Electrochemically Conducting Polymers: Science and Technology., MRS Bulletin (June 1997), pp16-23.

-         Tsutsui Tetsuo, Progress in Electroluminescent Devices Using Molecular Thin Films., MRS Bulletin (June 1997), pp39-44.

-         Friend R.H., et al., Electroluminescence in Conjugated Polymers., Nature (1999), Vol. 397, pp121-128

-         Lieberman, David, Organic LED Ramped for Low-Cost Displays., Electronic Engineering Times, March 29, 1999, pp59-62.

-         Yang, Yang, Polymer Electroluminescent Devices, MRS. Bulletin (June 1997), pp31-38.

-         Kido, Junji, Charge Transport Polymers, Applied Physics Letter (1994), pp225-226.