THREE STEP SPARRING Defense against 3 consecutive, stepping in, front stance punches. (Stances are defined by the leg that is most bent; the right foot back would be a right fighting stance, but a left front stance)
1.	1) stepping back into R. fighting stance, L. inner palm block. 2) stepping back into L. fighting stance, R. inner palm block. 3) stepping to the R. into sitting stance, simultaneous R. punch to temple     and L. knife-hand block to wrist.
2.	1) stepping back into R. fighting stance, L. knife hand block. 2) stepping back into L. fighting stance, R. knife hand block. 3) stepping to the R. into sitting stance, simultaneous R. chop to neck     and L. knife-hand block to wrist.
3.	1) stepping back into R. fighting stance, L. inner palm block. 2) stepping back into L. fighting stance, R. inner palm block. 3) side-stepping to the L. w/ R. foot into sitting stance, L. hand push to above elbow;     R. punch to temple; L. punch to kidney.
4.	1) stepping back into R. fighting stance, double knife hand block. 2) stepping back into L. fighting stance, double knife hand block. 3) stepping to the R. into sitting stance, simultaneous R. punch to temple and L. knife-hand block     to wrist; simultaneously grab wrist and pull, R. twist punch to solar plexus.
5.	1) stepping back into L. front stance, double inner palm block. 2) stepping back into R. front stance, double inner palm block. 3) stepping back into L. front stance, double inner palm block; stepping into sitting stance, R. front     block; back stance, R. vertical backfist to nose; front stance, L. reverse punch to solar plexus.
6.	1) stepping back into R. fighting stance, L. knife hand block. 2) stepping back into L. fighting stance, R. knife hand block. 3) stepping back into R. fighting stance, L. knife hand block; pull left foot back towards right foot,     R. roundhouse kick to temple; R. vertical backfist to nose, then pivoting counterclockwise,     left knifehand chop to neck.
7.	1) stepping back into R. fighting stance, double outer palm block. 2) stepping back into L. fighting stance, double outer palm block. 3) stepping back into R. fighting stance, double outer palm block; front stance,     simultaneously grab wrist and pull, R. chop to neck; back stance, L. front punch.

ONE STEP SPARRING Defense against one, stepping in, front stance punch. (Stances are defined by the leg that is most bent; the right foot back would be a right fighting stance, but a left front stance)
1.	Side-stepping to right w/left foot, knife hand block to wrist, chop to neck; grab wrist and while standing into a straight position (feet together) simultaneously pull w/left hand and execute a chop to the neck w/the right.
2.	Right inside swing kick to above elbow; step outside to sitting stance (or back stance), right chop to neck; sliding right foot back, stepping in w/ left foot to fighting stance, left elbow to solar plexus.
3.	Left inside swing kick to above wrist; right roundhouse kick to temple; land in sitting stance, simultaneous right punch to temple and left knife hand block to wrist; simultaneously grab wrist and pull, right twist punch to solar plexus.
4.	Side-stepping to left w/Right foot into sitting stance, left hand push to above elbow; right punch to temple; left punch to kidney; right roundhouse kick to solar plexus; right foot down outside to sitting stance (or back stance), right chop to neck.
5.	Side-stepping to right w/ left foot into sitting stance, left knife hand strike wrist pressure point, right knife hand strike to shoulder pressure point; right front stance, left reverse punch to solar plexus; right elbow to chin, shifting to right fighting stance; right elbow to solar plexus.
6.	Stepping into left front stance, double inner palm block; left down block, right horizontal spear finger to throat; right turning hook kick to temple.
7.	Beginning from L. fighting stance, left front kick to wrist; right roundhouse kick to temple; right vertical backfist to nose.
8.	Left inside swing kick to above wrist; right roundhouse kick to temple; step outside w/right foot, right chop to neck.
9.	Right axe kick to back of hand (forearm); step to outside w/right foot, right chop to neck; sliding back to sitting stance, left elbow to jaw, right elbow to jaw.
10.	Side-stepping to left w/left foot, step into right front stance, right elbow to ribs; sliding right. foot back, then stepping backwards into left fighting stance, left elbow to solar plexus; going down on left knee, sweep w/ right foot; stand up into left front stance, right reverse punch to temple.

HAPKIDO  (from Grand Master Choi)
1. Grab same side wrist (eg. left to right)	Break hold into center against thumb and forefinger. Freed hand executes knife hand chop to the neck.
2. Grab same side wrist	Rotate hand to palm up while forcing partner's elbow into his/her body. W/free hand reach under and around to grab palm w/thumb and fingers rotate wrist to the outside (using partner's elbow as a fulcrum) and pull down and towards you.
3. Grab same side wrist	Raise arm up to the inside of the body while pivoting 180degrees to your inside; and going into a low sitting stance. While holding partner's wrist w/both hands raise stance as you pull the arm down (making sure the elbow contacts your shoulder). Hold wrist w/ opp. hand while striking solar plexus w/your elbow.
4. Grab same side sleeve (near wrist)	W/opp. hand grab partner's fist w/your thumb facing you (make sure to tighten his/her grip on your sleeve). With the other hand twist it up and around so that your fist or blade of the hand contacts the back of your part.'s wrist. Push it down to the floor and towards you.
5. Grab same side lapel	W/same hand grab partner's fist w/your thumb facing you (make sure to tighten his/her grip on your lapel). Turn partner's arm over to his/her inside keeping the elbow straight w/your opp. hand while bending him/her over. W/shoulder imobolized at your waist and arm locked straight walk arm over towards the opp. shoulder.
6. Grab hair (above the forehead)	W/one hand, place palm flat on the back of partner's fist close to the wrist (make sure to tighten his/her grip on your hair). Place other hand on top of the first for added strength. Bend HEAD and waist forward while moving one leg back. Hold partner's hand while executing a rising front kick to their head.
7. Grab throat with two hands (bodies perpendicular to eachother)	Drop your body down to a low sitting stance while punching upward (w/hand closest to partner) under his/her chin. Continue arm movement to circle behind and under your partner's arm that is toward your back. Place it into a joint lock by rotating your arm and lifting up (extending and supinating his/her arm) and execute a knifehand chop to the neck w/other hand.
8. Grab both lapels	Bring hands up through center and turn fists out like double outer palm block pushing open your partners arms w/your forearms. Grab his/her shoulders or behind the neck and pull down and toward you while driving your knee into his/her groin. Grap your partner's head and drive the point of your forehead into the bridge of his/her nose.
9. Grab both lapels	Bring one arm up then weave it down between your partner's arms and back up the outside of the other arm. Press the back of your hand against his/her arm behind the elbow and reinfoce with your other hand. Push w/both hands towards your partner's opp. side while twisting into a front stance in that direction. Execute a front punch with the "primary" hand to the temple of your partner.
10. Grab both wrists (from behind)	Drop into a low sitting stance while pushing hands out to the sides w/arms straight. Quickly turn to your inside bringing one hand high and the other low in a circling motion, twisting your wrist in your partner's grip and turning into a low cat stance perpendicular to your partner. Work you hands around his/her wrist and twist the arms (top hand over) bringing the arm held by your bottom hand against the elbow of the other and throw your partner in the direction of your stance while stepping forward w/your front leg.

HAPKIDO  (from Master Kim)
1. Same side grab (eg. left to right)	Using a motion centered at the wrist, rotate your hand so it is palm up. Reach under and across w/the free hand, grabbing the base of the attacker's thumb, placing your thumb between the knucles of the wring and pinky fingers. Free the hand and place it along the blade of attackers grabbing hand. Press down and around as you step to the side, taking him/her down.
2. Same side grab	Cover the grabbing hand w/your free hand. Grab his/her wrist by making a "V" w/your thumb and index finger. Step in front of his/her feet w/the same foot on the side of the hand which has been grabbed. As you step into a sitting stance, roll his/her arm over so that the palm and elbow face up. As you sink down into the sitting stance (making sure that the elbow is at least as deep as your armpit), simultaneously bend his/her wrist toward the shoulder and clamp down on the arm w/the inside of your bicep.
3. Cross hand grab (eg. right to right)	Rotate the hand over the attacker's wrist and point your elbow at his/her chest, working against the thumb. Grab his/her hand at the base of the thumb and put your thumb between the knuckles of the ring and pinky fingers. Put your newly-freed hand against the blade of his/her hand as you twist the wrist to the outside, throwing the attacker to the ground.
4. Cross hand grab	Grab the attacker's hand at the wrist as if grabbing a baseball bat. Step across and under his/her armw/the same side foot. As you do, bend the wrist backward, causing the arm to fold. Pull his/her arm down and around, flipping the attacker to the ground.
5. Cross hand grab	Grab the attacker's hand at the base of the thumb w/your thumb across the back of the hand. Step across to the inside of the opponent's body w/the foot on the same side of the hand which has been grabbed. Place the newly-freed hand on the other side of the opponent's hand. Cross your thumbs on the back of his/her hand. Take the arm up, around, and down so that his/her palm faces the floor and throw your attacker.
6. Cross hand grab	Grab the blade of the attacker's hand. Lift his/her arm and step underneath w/the same foot torquing the hand outward. Step forward and pull the hand down sharply, throwing the opponent.