UPenn_MRSEC_2309043_Seed_Vining_Purohit_Poroelastic_Tumor_fig

Integrated multiscale framework: tumor expansion compresses the porous biopolymer ECM (center, blue mesh) and drives interstitial fluid outflow (top right), which sets a chemical-potential gradient and a heterogeneous growth-factor distribution (bottom left). Those concentration fields feed an agent-based tumor-growth simulation (bottom right) that couples matrix mechanics to cell proliferation.